Preheat your oven to 350°F. While it heats, chop the cabbage into 1-inch squares, dice the onion into 1/4-inch pieces, and crush the crackers into coarse crumbs—you want some texture, not fine powder. Measure out all your remaining ingredients so everything is ready when you need it. This prep work takes just a few minutes and ensures smooth cooking without scrambling.
Heat a large skillet over medium-high heat and add the ground beef, breaking it into small crumbles as it cooks. I prefer 80/20 lean ground beef because it has enough fat to stay flavorful without becoming greasy. Season generously with salt and pepper as it cooks, and continue cooking until the beef is deeply browned, about 5-7 minutes. Transfer the cooked beef to a 9x13 inch baking dish, spreading it in an even layer as the base for your casserole.
In the same skillet (keeping those flavorful browned bits), melt 8 tablespoons of butter over medium heat. Add the diced onion first and cook for 2 minutes until softened, then add the chopped cabbage. Cook for 8-10 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the cabbage is tender but still has a slight bite to it. Season with salt and pepper to taste. I like using Kerrygold butter here because its rich flavor really elevates the vegetable layer.
Spread the sautéed cabbage and onion mixture from Step 3 over the browned beef in your baking dish. In a bowl, whisk together the cream of chicken soup, mayonnaise, 1/2 cup cheddar cheese, and garlic powder until smooth and well combined. Spread this creamy mixture evenly over the cabbage layer, making sure it's distributed throughout.
In a small bowl, toss together the crushed crackers from Step 1, the 3 tablespoons of melted butter (cooled slightly so it doesn't clump), and the remaining 1 cup of cheddar cheese. Mix gently until the crackers are evenly coated and the cheese is distributed throughout. Spread this mixture evenly over the cream sauce layer in your baking dish, pressing down gently so it adheres.
Place the casserole in your preheated 350°F oven and bake for 30 minutes until the cracker topping is golden brown and the casserole is heated through. You should see some bubbling around the edges and the top should be lightly golden. Remove from the oven and let it rest for 5 minutes before serving—this allows the layers to set slightly, making it easier to portion and enjoy.