In a separate small bowl, whisk together the apple cider vinegar, Dijon mustard, honey, and extra-virgin olive oil until emulsified. Add the celery seed, sea salt, freshly cracked black pepper, and red pepper flakes, then whisk once more to combine all flavors evenly. The mustard acts as an emulsifier to help the oil and vinegar blend together smoothly, creating a more cohesive dressing.